Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health concern in the United States and is often considered the signature injury of Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom. The majority of individuals who sustain a mild TBI ultimately recover completely, though some have lasting deficits. For occupational therapy to effectively develop and implement intervention plans, more knowledge is necessitated regarding the characteristics associated with occupational performance in veterans who have sustained a TBI. Using a non-experimental retrospective correlational design, this study examined five primary objectives to examine the relationship between different characteristics and occupational performance in veterans with TBI. A total of 21 veterans were included over five years. Statistically significant correlations were found between community participation and life satisfaction and between future anticipated role participation and adjustment and ability subscales of MPAI-4. Increased awareness and understanding of occupational therapy’s role in the development of client-centered and goal-directed intervention to address community participation, ability, and adjustment following TBI is indicated to enhance veteran quality of care and life.